Torben: /* Modifiying History */

2025-07-07T02:46:55Z

Modifiying History

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[[Category:Coding]]

==Git Basics==
===Basics===
====clone a repository====
git clone git@github.com:entorb/rememberthemilk.git

====perform a commit====
git add .
git commit -m "my commit message"
git push

===Git Settings===

==== !!! End of Line !!! ====
Force Git for Windows to use Linux end of line: LF (\n) instead of CRLF (\r\n)
git config --global core.autocrlf false
git config --global core.eol lf

To use git to fix bad line endings, add a .gitattributes file to the repo with this contents:
* text=auto eol=lf

====colorful output====
git config color.ui true

====log: one line per commit====
git config format.pretty oneline

===Branching===
# create new branch
git checkout -b history-change
# del branch
git checkout main
git branch -d history-change

====Rename branch master to main====
1. at github.com in the settings of the repo, rename the default branch name, for example at https://github.com/entorb/tools/settings/branches

2. update in local repo
git branch -m master main
git fetch origin
git branch -u origin/main main
git remote set-head origin -a

3. set default branch name in local git
git config --global init.defaultBranch main

==History==
===Reports===
====Git Log====
git log
git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit

# list commits including the change summary, e.g. 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
git log --date=short --pretty=format:"%cd %h %s" --shortstat

====Git Rev-list====
# Get the total commits by week
git rev-list --count HEAD --since=4.week
git rev-list --count main --since="Dec 1 2021" --before="Jan 3 2022"
====Report of merges====
var1
git --no-pager log --merges --pretty=format:'MyRepoName %cs %ae %s' | grep -v 'dependabot' >> ../git-merge-report.csv
var2
git --no-pager log --grep='#' --pretty=format:'MyRepoName %cs %ae %s' --after 2022-01-01 >> ../git-merge-report.csv
# note: in one repo the '--merges' flag did not find all merge PRs, so using --grep='#' instead

====Checking History====
Display all commits that modified a certain file
git log --no-decorate --pretty=format:"%h%x09%ad%x09%an%x09%s" --date=iso -- data/de-districts/de-district_timeseries-02000.tsv
# %x09 : tab

===Modifiying History===

====Merge 2 repos====
see https://github.com/entorb/tools/blob/main/git-tools/git-merge-2-repos.cmd

====delete a dir from historiy using git-filter-repo====
preferred as of 2022 history cleanup using [https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo git-filter-repo]
pip install git-filter-repo
git clone xxx
cd xxx
# backup .git/config
cp .git/config ../config
git-filter-repo --prune-empty always --invert-paths --path draft --path old --path maps/out
# restore .git/config
cp ../config .git/config

git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git gc --prune=now --aggressive

git push -f

to remove certain files matching a glob from history
git-filter-repo --prune-empty always --invert-paths --path-glob "*.creds" --path-glob "data/*/*.json"

afterwards revert your local repo to the remote one
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/main
git pull

==== combine changes to README.md etc into single commit ====
see https://github.com/entorb/tools/blob/main/git-tools/git-hist-combine.sh

====delete a dir from historiy using bfg====
note: better use git-filter-rep (see above)

using [https://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/ bfg]
https://github.com/entorb/tools/blob/main/git-tools/git-bfg-cleanup-delete-history-of-dir.cmd
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git gc --prune=now --aggressive

====squash/merge old commits====
git rebase -i --root
# this opens a list of all commits in you editor
# replace pick by squash for the ones to

====delete complete commits history====
First Method from [https://gist.github.com/heiswayi/350e2afda8cece810c0f6116dadbe651]
# Check out to a temporary branch:
git checkout --orphan TEMP_BRANCH
# Add all the files:
git add -A
# Commit the changes:
git commit -am "Initial commit"
# Delete the old branch:
git branch -D main
# Rename the temporary branch to main:
git branch -m main
# Finally, force update to our repository:
git push -f origin main

Second Method via "deleting .git folder" also from [https://gist.github.com/heiswayi/350e2afda8cece810c0f6116dadbe651]
# Clone the project, e.g. `myproject` is my project repository:
git clone https://github/heiswayi/myproject.git
# Since all of the commits history are in the `.git` folder, we have to remove it:
cd myproject
# And delete the `.git` folder:
rm -rf .git
# Now, re-initialize the repository:
git init
git remote add origin https://github.com/heiswayi/myproject.git
git remote -v
# Add all the files and commit the changes:
git add --all
git commit -am "Initial commit"
# Force push update to the main branch of our project repository:
git push -f origin main

Alternative method:<br>
https://www.willandskill.se/en/deleting-your-git-commit-history-without-removing-repo-on-github-bitbucket/

==Hacks==
=== Merge GitHub Dependabot PRs ===
# switch to main branche and pull updates
current_branch=$(git branch --show-current)
if [ "$current_branch" != "main" ]; then
echo "branch was: $current_branch"
git checkout main
fi
git pull

# update origin
git fetch origin

# list all branches that start with "dependabot/" but not "springframework" and save to c:/tmp/dependabot-branches.txt
git branch -r | grep /dependabot/ | grep -v springframework >c:/tmp/dependabot-branches.txt
# create empty file
echo "" >c:/tmp/dependabot-changes.txt

while read -r branch; do
# remove "origin/" from the branch name
branch_name="${branch#origin/}"
echo "# $branch_name"
echo "# $branch_name" >>c:/tmp/dependabot-changes.txt
# switch to branch and pull latest version
git checkout "$branch_name"
git pull
# show changes to file pom.xml only
git diff main --unified=0 pom.xml >>c:/tmp/dependabot-changes.txt
echo ""
echo "" >>c:/tmp/dependabot-changes.txt
done <c:/tmp/dependabot-branches.txt

# back to main branch
git checkout main

# filter on changes only
grep -e '^[#\+\-] ' c:/tmp/dependabot-changes.txt >c:/tmp/dependabot-changes-filtered.txt

===Cleanup===
====Remove branch not (any more) on main====
prunes tracking branches not on the remote.
from https://stackoverflow.com/posts/28464339/timeline
git remote prune origin
list branches that have been merged into the current branch.
git branch --merged

===Reverting===

====reset to a commit====
get hash of commit
git log --oneline
git reset --hard HEAD~1
# git push -f

====revert a commit====
get hash of commit
git log --oneline
git revert <commit hash>
# git push -f

====Reset branch to remote branch====
from [https://stackoverflow.com/posts/1628334/timeline] Setting your branch to exactly match the remote branch can be done in two steps:
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/main
# git push -f

====Fixing/Overwriting authors/emails====
list authors
git shortlog -sn --all
git log --pretty --author="my@mail.com"
perform the history rewrite using global git config
(from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/750172/how-do-i-change-the-author-and-committer-name-email-for-multiple-commits/1320317#1320317)
git rebase -r --root --exec "git commit --amend --no-edit --reset-author"

===Squashing===
Squash last 3 commits
git reset --soft HEAD~3 &&
git commit

===revert local git to remote repository===
from [https://stackoverflow.com/posts/5361169/timeline]
git reset --hard HEAD
git clean -f -d
git pull

===GIT Commit to an existing Tag===
from https://gist.github.com/danielestevez/2044589
1) Create a branch with the tag
git branch {tagname}-branch {tagname}
git checkout {tagname}-branch

2) Include the fix manually if it's just a change ....
git add .
git ci -m "Fix included"
or cherry-pick the commit, whatever is easier
git cherry-pick {num_commit}

3) Delete and recreate the tag locally
git tag -d {tagname}
git tag {tagname}

4) Delete and recreate the tag remotely
git push origin :{tagname} // deletes original remote tag
git push origin {tagname} // creates new remote tag

5) Update local repository with the updated tag (suggestion by @wyattis)
git fetch --tags

This is based on https://gist.github.com/739288 thanks to nickfloyd for it

====Chmod====
set executable flag. see [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21691202/how-to-create-file-execute-mode-permissions-in-git-on-windows]
git update-index --chmod=+x file

===Error handling===
Error:
git pull --tags origin main
[rejected] ... (would clobber existing tag)
Fixed by updating local tags with remote tags
git fetch --tags -f

===Tag handling===
Delete a tag locally
git tag -d myTag
Delete a tag remotely
git push --delete origin myTag

===Clean up via Garbage Collector===
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git gc --prune=now --aggressive

==Scripts==
===Re-apply .gitignore===
see https://github.com/entorb/tools/blob/main/git-tools/git-gitignore-reapply.cmd
REM Remove everything from the git index in order to refresh your git repository:
git rm -r --cached .
REM Add everything back into the repo:
git add .
git commit -m ".gitignore re-applied"
git status
pause
git push

===pull on all repos===
for D in $(ls -d */); do
echo === $D ===
cd $D
# git status
current_branch=$(git branch --show-current)
if [ "$current_branch" != "master" ] && [ "$current_branch" != "main" ]; then
echo "branch was: $current_branch"
git checkout main
if [ $(git branch --show-current) != "main" ]; then
git checkout master
fi
fi
git pull --force
cd ..
done
read -p "Enter to close"

===revert on all repos===
for D in $(ls -d */); do
echo === $D ===
cd $D
current_branch=$(git branch --show-current)
if [ "$current_branch" != "main" ]; then
echo "branch was: $current_branch"
git checkout main
fi
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/main
git pull
cd ..
done
read -p "Enter to close"

==GitHub.com Tipps==
===create PR for another fork===
* on github.com propose an edit for 1 file
* this creates a branch in our repo based on the fork, called patch-1 or similar
* rename the branch at `github.com/<your name>/<your repo>/branches/yours`
* now you can locally pull from your main to fetch the new fork and locally add more modifications
* I suggest keeping "unmodified" base-branches of other forks, so easily create new PRs and branches based on them
* to update the fork from he fork's main, use github.com

===Copy commit from parent/upstream repo to forked repo===
ensure that the parent repo is listed as upstream:
git remote -v
git fetch upstream
# Create new branch
git checkout -b copy-commit-branch
git cherry-pick <commit-hash>
# Resolve conflicts (if any):
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin copy-commit-branch
# Finally create a pull request

Short version
git fetch upstream
git cherry-pick <commit-hash>
git push

==Notes of 2020==
very nice tutorial: [https://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/index.de.html git - Der einfache Einstieg]

==Old notes==
[http://www.ralfebert.de/blog/tools/visual_git_tutorial_1/]
[http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gittutorial.html]

git init # create an empty git repository in the current folder
# set some settings
git config --global user.name "Torben Menke"
git config --global user.email "torben.menke@XXX.de"
git config --global color.ui auto
git config -l # shows configuration

git add somefile.txt # one file
git add somefolder # one folder
git add . # all

git commit
git commit -a -m "message" # commit all, message="message"

git pull ssh://tmenke@[IP]/[PATH] main
# edit
# commit
git push ssh://tmenke@[IP]/[PATH] main

git log
git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit

Git - Revision history

Torben: /* Modifiying History */