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This header is outdated, better check out my [http://www.entorb.net/docs/TorbensLatexVorlage.zip template].

 % by Torben Menke (http://www.entorb.net)
 % Version 2009-09-02
 % loads needed packages
 % defines basic settings
 
 % Test for correct encoding: äöüß
===Documentclass=== 
 \documentclass[                 % Koma: scrartcl, srcreprt, srcbook, scrlttr2
 a4paper
 %,draft                         % draft/final
 ,12pt                           % 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
 ,twoside                        % one/two: different layout for left/right pages
 ,onecolumn                      % one/two
 ,fleqn                          % equations aligned left
 ,ngerman                        %
 ,titlepage                      % titlepage / notitlepage = title on a page of its own
 ,liststotoc  %or ...numbered    % list of figures + -tables to table of contents
 ,bibtotoc                       % Lit Verz -> TOC
 ,abstracton                     % writs the word abstract above the abstract
 %,noonelinecaption              % table + figure captions of only one line are not treated different 
                                 % to multiline-ones
 ,bigheadings                    % big-,normal-, smallheadings: sets size of section-headings, std=big
 ,openany                        % openright : new chapters only on right pages, openany: do not care
                                 % only for scrreprt and scrbook, not scrartcl
 ]{scrreprt}
 
 % put subsubsections in toc
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
 \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
 
 \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}     % Languagesettings
                                 % ngerman for new German spelling
 %\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}  % Umlaute (Windows)
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     % Umlaute (Linux)
 \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Worttrennung von Worten mit Umlauten möglich

===Layout===
 \usepackage{geometry}           % Pagesettings
 % printversion: left=4cm
   \geometry{left=3cm,textwidth=15cm,top=3cm,textheight=23.5cm}
   % A4: 21cm x 29.7cm
   % 15cm = 425.2 pt
   % 23.5cm = 666.14 pt
 \usepackage[automark]{scrpage2} % KOMA layout paket, automark is important!
 \pagestyle{scrheadings}
 \ohead[\pagemark{}]{\pagemark{}}
 %\ohead[]{\pagemark{}}
 \chead[]{}
 %\ihead[]{\textsc{\headmark}}
 \ihead[]{\textbf{\headmark}}
 %\cfoot[Torbens Diplomarbeit, Stand: \today]{Torbens Diplomarbeit, Stand: \today}
 %\cfoot[--- \pagemark{} ---]{--- \pagemark{} ---}
 \ofoot[]{}
 \ifoot[]{}
 \setheadtopline{}
 \setheadsepline{0.4pt}
 \setfootsepline{}
 \setfootbotline{}

====Font-Settings====
[http://www.linupedia.org/opensuse/LaTeX_fuer_Fortgeschrittene#Schriften] [http://tex.loria.fr/general/new/fntguide.html#Sec:text]
 %% Palatino
 %% \usepackage{palatino} is replaced by this (see l2tabu)
 %\usepackage{mathpazo}            % MathFont Palatino
 %\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
 %\usepackage{courier}
 %% dirty solution to make headings use the text-font
 %\renewcommand{\sffamily}{\normalfont}
 
 %% Times
 % \usepackage{times} is replaces by
 %\usepackage{mathptmx}
 %\usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet}
 %\usepackage{courier}
 
 %% Computer Modern Roman
 %\begin{document}
 %\fontfamily{cmr} \selectfont
 
 % Gothic or OldGerman or Schwabenbacher 
 % \usepackage{yfonts} 
 & \swabfamily  or \gothfamily or \frakfamily or \initfamily

===Math===
[ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/short-math-guide.pdf American Mathematical Society Guide]
 \usepackage{amssymb}
 \usepackage[reqno]{amsmath}      % reqno: equation numbers right hand side of the eq
 %\usepackage{amsfonts}           % Math fonts?

===Tables===
 \usepackage{array}               % nicer \hlines
                                  % new column-align types in tabulars, similar to p{width}:
                                  % m(iddle), b(ottom)
 
 %\usepackage{longtable}          % support for tables that are longer than one page and allows rotating together with package rotating
 %\usepackage{rotating}
 %\begin{sidewaystable}
 %  \centering
 %  \begin{longtable}{|lll|}
 %    table body
 %  \end{longtable}
 %\end{sidewaystable} 
 
 % Join / merge cells:
 % columns: no package needed  \multicolumn{#cols}{c}{centered Multicolumn}
 % rows (Zeilen):
 \usepackage{multirow}            % merges a number of rows and centers text
                                  % use: \multirow{#rows}{width}{text}
 
 % align table column by comma:
 %\usepackage{dcolumn}            % use D{inputsep}{outputsep}{#digits}
 % to use the comma as seperator for in+output
 % \newcolumntype{d}[1]{D{,}{\mathcomma}{#1}}
 % to use the dot as seperator for in+output
 %\newcolumntype{d}[1]{D{.}{.}{#1}}
 % \begin{tabular}{rd{2}l}
 
 % Round Numbers and align at the comma.
 %\usepackage{rccol}              % use: R{#digits before Komma}{#digits after comma}
                                  % R{3}{2}
 %\usepackage{fltpoint}           % requirement for rccol

===Graphics===
 % graphicx is loaded in the pdf section
 %\usepackage{graphicx}           % use: \includegraphics{filename} (without fileextension)
                                  % for dvi/ps latex the images have to be .eps or .ps
                                  % for pdflatex the images have to be .jpg, .png, .gif, .pdf, .bmp
                                  % work around: save 2 copys of the image: e.g. one .eps and one .jpg
 %\usepackage{rotating}           % Rotate images
 %\usepackage{subfigure}          % figure inside figure
 \usepackage[outercaption] {sidecap} % Caption besides the figure
 %\usepackage{wrapfig}            % Wrap text around figures or tables
 \graphicspath{{./fig/}{.}}       % where to look for image-files

===PDF===
 \ifpdfoutput{ %ifpdfoutput comes with Koma
    \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
 %  \usepackage{epstopdf}
 %  \newcommand{\inputfig}[1]{\input{#1.pstex_t}}
 %  \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.ps,.pstex,.eps,.pdf}
 %% convertes eps files to pdf ones on the fly, using epstopdf (miktex)
 %% use: pdflatex --enable-write18 FILENAME !!!!!!!!!!!!!
 %  \DeclareGraphicsRule{.pstex}{pdf}{.pdf}{`epstopdf #1}
 %  \DeclareGraphicsRule{.ps}{pdf}{.pdf}{`epstopdf #1}  
 %  \DeclareGraphicsRule{.eps}{pdf}{.pdf}{`epstopdf #1}  
   \usepackage[
     pdftex, % hypertex (default), pdftex
     final, % final, draft, debug -> more text in log file
     pdfauthor={\Verfasser},
     pdftitle={\Titel},
     pdfsubject={Diplomarbeit},
 %    pdfstartview={Fit},
     a4paper=true,
     bookmarks=true,
     bookmarksopen=true,
     bookmarksopenlevel=1,
     bookmarksnumbered=true,
 %    plainpages=false,
 %    pdfpagelabels=true,
 %    colorlinks=false,
 %    pdfborder={0 0 0}, % no colorful frames around links
 %    unicode, % Unicode encoded pdf strings
     linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, filecolor=black, pagecolor=black, urlcolor=black
 ]{hyperref}
 
 %  \pdfinfo {
 %  /CreationDate (D:20060901010000) % this is the format used by pdf for date/time:YYYYMMDDhhmmss
 %  /ModDate      (D:20060901020000)
 %  }
 %\pdfcompresslevel=9
 % \texorpdfstring helps generations formulas, that can be used as pdf _bookmark_ titles:
 % \section{Die \texorpdfstring{$e^x$~}{Exponential-}Funktion}
 }{ % if dvi/ps output
   \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
   \usepackage[dvips]{hyperref}
   %\usepackage{epsfig}
   %\newcommand{\inputfig}[1]{\input{#1.pstex_t}}
   %\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pstex,.eps}
 }

This warning 
 PDF inclusion: found PDF version <1.5>, but at most version <1.4> allowed
can be removed by placing 
 \pdfminorversion=5
above the \documentclass{...}. (Maybe later works as well, not tried)

===Misc===
 %\usepackage{textcomp}           % Additional Symbols
 %\usepackage{ifsym}              % Additional Symbols
 %\usepackage{wasysym}            % Additional Symbols
 %\usepackage{stmaryrd}           % Additional Symbols
 \usepackage{pxfonts}             % Additional Symbols 
                                  % pxfonts for font palatino / txfonts for times
 
 \usepackage[squaren,textstyle]{SIunits} %
 % adds support for SI units like \ampere, \ohm
 % defines \unit{}{}, %  \unit{10}{\centi\meter}
 % textstyle for using the same font, than the surrounding text
 % if textstyle is used, only buildin units should be used: cm->\centi\meter
 % squaren for problems with amssyb package
 
 %\usepackage{slemph}             % \emph{} writes text now in \textsl instead of \textit
 
 \usepackage{float}               % adds placement rule H for floats -> exactly HERE 
 
 \usepackage{placeins} 
 % defines the command \FloatBarrier: the name is program
 % [section] : floats are not allowed to travel into another section
 
 % makes Problems with pdflatex !!!
 %\usepackage{varioref}           % \vref{eqn:dreieck} = x on page y
 
 \usepackage{color}               % Support for colors :\textcolor{red}{Red Text}
 \usepackage{url}                 % www-links etc. \url{www.google.de}
 \usepackage{upgreek}             % Upright greek letters: \uppi, \upalpha...
 \usepackage{xspace}              % \xspace can be used in newcommands without parameters to ensure whitespace after it

====Line-Numbering====
 %\usepackage[right,modulo]{lineno}             % Adds line-numbering, modulo every 5th
 % redifine \section -> section \linenumbers*
 % '*' stands for a reset of the number
 % PROBLEMS WITH \listoffigures and \listoftables !!!!!!!!
 %\let\sectionorg\section
 %\renewcommand\section[2][]{%
 %  \def\tempOPT{#1}%
 %  \ifx\tempOPT\empty\sectionorg{#2}
 %  \else\sectionorg[#1]{#2}\fi\linenumbers*}
 %\let\subsectionorg\subsection
 %\renewcommand\subsection[2][]{%
 %  \def\tempOPT{#1}%
 %  \ifx\tempOPT\empty\subsectionorg{#2}
 %  \else\subsectionorg[#1]{#2}\fi\linenumbers*}

====Nomenclature====
 \usepackage[
 german
 %,intoc % put in table of contents
 ]{nomencl}
 \let\abbrev\nomenclature
 \renewcommand{\nomname}{Abkürzungsverzeichnis}
 \setlength{\nomlabelwidth}{.15\hsize} % distance label-text
 \setlength{\nomitemsep}{-\parsep} % no spacing between lines
 %\renewcommand{\nomlabel}[1]{#1 \dotfill}
 %\setlength{\nomitemsep}{-\parsep}
 \makenomenclature
 
====Index List====
 \usepackage{makeidx}            % support for creation of index list
 \makeindex
 % use '\index{Moinsen} Moinsen' in the document
 % \printindex  %prints the index list here
 % Attention: to create the index you may have to run the following command by hand:
 % makeindex FILENAME_OF_THE_LATEX_FILE

===BibTeX===
 \usepackage[square]{natbib}     % needed by plainnat + dinat Bib Styls, square -> [] instead of ()
 \bibliographystyle{amsplain}
 %\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
 %\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
 %\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
 %\bibliographystyle{unsrtnat}
 %\bibliographystyle{./dinatTM}  % located in my folder
 %\bibliographystyle{alphadin}
 %\bibliographystyle{jureco}
 
 %\renewcommand{\cite}{\citep}
 
===Definitions===
 % Seperate paragraphs by an empty line instead of intending the line
 \setlength{\parskip}{2ex plus0.5ex minus0.3ex}
 \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
 
 % from l2tabu.pdf (Latex Sündenregister), page 6
 \tolerance 1414
 \hbadness 1414
 \emergencystretch 1.5em
 \hfuzz 0.3pt
 \widowpenalty=10000
 \vfuzz \hfuzz
 \raggedbottom
 
 % penalty for words split on two lines
 \hyphenpenalty=500
 %\tolerance 9000               % Less Bad-Box-Warnings, less too long lines !!!
 %\exhyphenpenalty=5000                 % Removes Problems with words containing "-" a la E-Lock
 
 %\numberwithin{equation}{section}      % Sectionnummer in x
 %\numberwithin{figure}{section}
 %\numberwithin{table}{section}
 
 % layout of Captions in Tables and Figures (Bildunterschriften)
 \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}  % Font of the Label 'Figure' etc
 \setkomafont{caption}{\small}          % Font of the Caption \itshape
 \setcapindent{0em}                     % decrease intention of following lines
 % \setcapwidth[c]{0.75\textwidth}      % not here, for it makes problems with package sidecap!
 
 %% dictum = Zitate
 %\renewcommand*{\dictumwidth}{.3\textwidth}
 

====Hyphenation (Worttrennung)====
 \hyphenation{
 Scheiß-haus
 Ins-ti-tut
 Sig-nal
 }

===my own commands===
 % Syntax:
 % \newcommand{\myCommand} [ N ] [ STD ] { DEFINITION }
 % N = num of arguments
 % STD -> Arg 1 is optional, if missing its value is STD
 
 % I want to have a German and an English Abstract, so I duplicated the environment
 \newenvironment{abstractEN}{%
   \renewcommand*{\abstractname}{Abstract} \abstract}{%
   \endabstract
 }
 
 \newcounter{todos} \setcounter{todos}{0}
 \newcommand{\todo}[1]{%
 \emph{\textcolor{red}{TODO: #1}}%
 \addtocounter{todos}{1}%
 }
 \newcommand{\wort}[1]{%
 \emph{\textcolor{blue}{WORT: #1}}%
 }
 
 % \footnotetextref{Text über Drop Coating}{text:dropcoating}
 
 \newcommand{\footnotetextref}[1]{% do not insert spaces!!!
 \footnote{vgl. Seite \pageref{#1}}%
 }
 \newcommand{\engl}[1]{% do not insert spaces!!!
 (\emph{engl.:~#1})%
 }
 %\footnote???
 \newcommand{\enTOde}[1]{% do not insert spaces!!!
 (\emph{engl.~für~#1})%
 }
 
 \newcommand{\usd}[0]{\ensuremath{U_\text{SD}}\xspace}
 \newcommand{\mW}  [1]{\unit{#1}{\milli\watt}}
 \newcommand{\uW}  [1]{\unit{#1}{\micro\watt}}
 \newcommand{\eV}  [1]{\unit{#1}{\electronvolt}}
 \newcommand{\meV} [1]{\unit{#1}{\milli\electronvolt}}
 \newcommand{\nm}  [1]{\unit{#1}{\nano\meter}}
 \newcommand{\um}  [1]{\unit{#1}{\micro\meter}} 
 \newcommand{\mm}  [1]{\unit{#1}{\milli\meter}} 
 \newcommand{\temp}[1]{\unit{#1}{\kelvin}}
 \newcommand{\sek} [1]{\unit{#1}{\second}}
 \newcommand{\grad}[1]{\unit{#1}{\degree}}
 
 \newcommand{\symkreis}  {\ensuremath{\medcirc}}  % needs package pxfonts or txfonts
 \newcommand{\symdreieck}{\ensuremath{\triangle}}
 \newcommand{\symquadrat}{\ensuremath{\square}}
 \newcommand{\entspricht}{\ensuremath{\mathrel{\hat{=}}}} 
 % \widehat = doof
 % \mathrel = corrects spacings
 \newcommand{\nmVerdi}{\nm{532}~(\entspricht\eV{2.33})}
 \newcommand{\nmHeNe}{\nm{633}~(\entspricht\eV{1.96})}
 \newcommand{\tInt}{\ensuremath{t_\text{int}}}
 
 % centered figure
 \newcommand{\cBild}[5][tb]{%
 \begin{figure}[#1]%
 \centering%
 \includegraphics[width=#3]{fig/#2}%
 %\setcapwidth[c]{0.9\textwidth}%
 \caption[#4]{#5}% \caption[shortcaption]{caption}
 \label{fig:#2}%
 \end{figure}%
 }
 
 % Caption besides the figure
 \newcommand{\scBild}[5][tb]{% sidecap
 \begin{SCfigure}[][#1]%
 \includegraphics[width=#3]{fig/#2}%
 \caption[#4]{#5}% \caption[shortcaption]{caption}
 \label{fig:#2}%
 \end{SCfigure}%
 }
 
 % param1=placement htbp (optional)
 % param2=filename (without extension, must be located in folder fig/)
 %       Label: \label{fig:#2}
 % param3=width (5cm or 0.5\textwidth etc)
 % param4=shortcaption
 % param5=caption
 
 %example:
 %\cBild[htbp]{img_setup}{0.5\textwidth}{short caption for list of figures}{caption}
 %\scBild[htbp]{img_setup}{6cm}{short caption for list of figures}{caption}
 
 
 \newcommand{\TabBild}[5][tb]{
 \begin{figure}[#1]
 \centering
 \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0} % removes rowspacing
 \begin{tabular}{c@{}c}%  @{} removes the columnspacing
 #5%
 \end{tabular}
 \setcapwidth[c]{.9\textwidth}% usefull?
 \caption[#3]{#4}% \caption[shortcaption]{caption}
 \label{fig:#2}
 \end{figure}
 }
 % param5  :
 %\includegraphics{fig/NN-pol-N5p}%
 %\includegraphics{fig/NN-pol-N6p}\\%
 %\includegraphics{fig/NN-pol-N5s}%
 %\includegraphics{fig/NN-pol-N6s}\\%
 
 \newcommand{\pBild}[3]{
 \begin{figure}[p]
 \centering
 \includegraphics{fig/#1}%  the '%' is important!!! , removed width [width=#3]
 \setcapwidth[c]{0.9\textwidth}% usefull?
 \caption[#2]{#3}% \caption[shortcaption]{caption}
 \label{fig:#1}
 \end{figure}
 }
 
 \newcommand{\cTabelle}[6][htbp]{
 \begin{table}[#1]
   \centering
   %\vspace{3mm}
   \begin{tabular}{#5}
     #6
   \end{tabular}
   \setcapwidth[c]{0.9\textwidth}% usefull?
   \caption[#3]{#4}% caption above table???
   \label{tab:#2}
 \end{table}
 }
 
 \newcommand{\scTabelle}[6][htbp]{
 \begin{SCtable}[][#1]
   \centering
   \caption[#3]{#4}
   \label{tab:#2}
   %\vspace{3mm}
   \begin{tabular}{#5}
     #6
   \end{tabular}
 \end{SCtable}
 }
 % usage:
 % \cTabelle{htbp}{shortcaption}{caption}{label}{lr}
 % {
 % nicht & viel\\
 % }
 
 % print the number of the last equation
 % \lasteqn[n] -> (n+1)th last; (n = optional)
 \newcommand{\lasteqn}[1][0]{
   (\arabic{section}.\addtocounter{equation}{-#1}\arabic{equation}\addtocounter{equation}{#1})
 }
 % print the number of the next equation
 % \nexteqn[n] -> last + n (n = optional)
 \newcommand{\nexteqn}[1][1]{
   (\arabic{section}.\addtocounter{equation}{#1}\arabic{equation}\addtocounter{equation}{-#1})
 }